This chapter argues that in his Ad Autolycum, the second-century Christian apologist, Theophilus of Antioch, engaged Pauline literature not in fidelity to a hermeneutical method, but rather to ancient protreptic literary expectations and to his theological epistemology of elementary teaching. And even if Theophilus temporarily withheld from his “pagan” friend the soteriological and christological treasures of Pauline literature, his reliance on these writings was far weightier than appears from a first glance at standard biblical indices of his apology.